Upgrading to Oracle Database 10g - This article provides a brief overview of the areas involved in upgrading existing databases to Oracle 10g.
Index Monitoring - Identify and remove unused indexes to improve performance. String Aggregation Techniques - Several methods of combining multiple rows of data into a single row using aggregate functions. Oracle Database 10g Scheduler Enhancements in Oracle 10g Database Release 2 - This article provides simple examples of how to use the scheduler enhancements in Oracle 10g Database Release 2, including event-based jobs and job chains.
Oracle Database 10g Release 2 Oracle Application Server 10g 9. Oracle Application Server 10g Release 2 Oracle Database Backup and Recovery Basics. Provides introductory background information on backup and recovery and a guide on how to perform common backup and recovery tasks.
This book is the starting point for all users of the backup and recovery documentation. It presents the basics of backup and recovery through the Recovery Manager, provides a guide to using the rest of the backup and recovery documentation, and includes a quick reference for frequently used Recovery Manager commands and views. Oracle Database Backup and Recovery Reference. Oracle Data Mining Administrator's Guide.
Oracle Data Mining Concepts. Table provides a list of Database Server documentation included in Oracle Database 10 g Release 2. Provides a single source reference for administering Oracle Database in a small to midsize environment.
If you are familiar with computers, but unfamiliar with administering Oracle Database, and your computer has four CPUs or fewer, and you do not expect to support more than users, this book is appropriate for you. Oracle Database Sample Schemas. Describes the sample schemas that are included in the seed database that ships with Oracle Database 10 g.
The first volume describes all of the building blocks of SQL statements. The remaining volumes describe the SQL statements alphabetically.
Oracle Database High Availability Overview. Describes Oracle's approach for a highly available database environment. Provides an overview of high availability and helps you to determine your high availability requirements. It also describes Oracle Database products and features that are designed to support high availability and describes the primary database architectures that can help your business achieve high availability.
Oracle Database Performance Tuning Guide. Explains in detail how to enhance performance by writing and tuning SQL properly, by using performance tools, and by optimizing instance performance. Oracle Database New Features Guide. Describes the new features of Oracle Database 10 g and lists the documentation for this release.
Oracle Database Utilities. Describes how to use Oracle Database utilities to load data into a database, transfer data between databases, and maintain data. Oracle Database Error Messages.
Oracle Database Concepts. Describes how Oracle Database functions and lays a conceptual foundation for more detailed information contained in other Oracle Database books. Oracle Database Data Warehousing Guide. Provides conceptual, reference, and implementation material for using Oracle Database 10 g in data warehouses.
It covers the full range of data warehousing activities, from physical database design to advanced calculation techniques. Oracle Database Globalization Support Guide.
Describes Oracle globalization support for the database. Explains how to set up a globalization support environment, choose and migrate a character set, customize locale data, do linguistic sorting, program in a global environment, and program with Unicode.
Oracle Database Advanced Replication. Contains conceptual information about Oracle Advanced Replication. Also includes information about planning an Advanced Replication environment, an introduction to the Replication Management tool in Oracle Enterprise Manager, and information about troubleshooting Advanced Replication problems.
Also includes reference information about data dictionary views that are important for Advanced Replication and security considerations for an Advanced Replication environment. Oracle Streams Replication Administrator's Guide. Contains conceptual information about Oracle Streams replication and about configuring, administering, and monitoring an Oracle Streams replication environment.
Also includes detailed examples of configuring Oracle Streams replication environments. Oracle Streams Concepts and Administration. Contains conceptual information about Oracle Streams and information about configuring, administering, and monitoring an Oracle Streams environment. Also includes detailed examples of using Oracle Streams for various purposes. Oracle Data Guard Broker.
Describes the Oracle Data Guard broker, a management and monitoring interface that automates many of the tasks involved in configuring and monitoring standby databases in an Oracle Data Guard configuration. This guide provides comprehensive descriptions and examples for using both the command-line interface and the Oracle Data Guard Manager graphical user interface.
Oracle Database Administrator's Guide. Explains how to create and to manage Oracle Database. Includes information about distributed processing. Describes the Oracle approach to information integration in a heterogeneous environment. Describes Oracle Transparent Gateways and Generic Connectivity and is an administrator's guide for these Oracle products. Oracle Database Reference.
Provides reference information about database initialization parameters, static data dictionary views, dynamic performance views, database limits, and SQL scripts that are part of Oracle Database system.
Oracle Database Upgrade Guide. Explains the process of planning and executing database upgrades on Oracle Database server. In addition, this guide provides information about compatibility, about upgrading applications to the current release of Oracle, and about important changes in the current release, such as initialization parameter and data dictionary changes. Oracle Data Guard Concepts and Administration.
Provides a comprehensive overview of Oracle Data Guard concepts and describes how to configure and implement standby databases that can take over production operations if your production database becomes unusable. This guide includes several database scenarios such as creating, recovering, failing over, switching over, configuring, and backing up standby and primary databases. Describes features of application development and integration using the Oracle messaging system, Advanced Queuing AQ.
Table provides a list of Enterprise Manager documentation included in Oracle Database 10 g Release 2. Table provides a list of Gateways documentation included in Oracle Database 10 g Release 2. The document is intended for Windows users. It is also for developers writing applications that access message queuing systems, particularly those developers who need to access queues owned by both WebSphere MQ and other non-Oracle message queuing systems as well as queues owned by Oracle Advanced Queuing AQ.
Table provides a list of Installation documentation included in Oracle Database 10 g Release 2. Explains Oracle Real Application Clusters RAC setup and configuration procedures for Linux as well as how to use Oracle tools for software installation and database creation. Provides platform-specific preinstallation, installation, postinstallation, and component information for your single instance Oracle Database 10 g database and client software on the Windows bit platform.
Provides platform-specific preinstallation, installation, postinstallation, and component information for your single instance Oracle Database 10 g database and client software for Windows on the Intel Itanium platform. Describes how to quickly install Oracle Database 10 g products and Oracle Database 10 g companion products for Windows bit systems. Describes how to quickly install Oracle Database 10 g products and Oracle Database 10 g companion products for Windows on Intel Itanium systems.
Describes how to quickly install Oracle Database 10 g products and Oracle Database 10 g companion products on Windows bit systems. Explains how to install and configure the products available on Oracle Database Companion media for the Windows bit platform.
Explains how to install and configure the products available on Oracle Database Companion media for Windows on the Intel Itanium platform. Oracle Database Installation Guide for Linux. Provides platform-specific preinstallation, installation, postinstallation, and component information for your single instance Oracle Database 10 g database software on the Linux x86 platform. Explains how to install and configure the products available on Oracle Database Companion media for the Linux x86 platform.
Describes how to quickly install Oracle Database 10 g products and Oracle Database 10 g companion products on Linux x86 systems. Oracle Database Installation Guide for Linux x Describes how to install Oracle Database 10 g products on Linux x systems.
Describes how to quickly install Oracle Database 10 g products on Linux x systems. Describes how to install Oracle Database 10 g products and Oracle Database 10 g companion products on Linux x systems. Describes how to quickly install Oracle Database 10 g products and Oracle Database 10 g companion products on Linux x systems. Describes how to install Oracle Database 10 g products on Linux Itanium systems. Describes how to quickly install Oracle Database 10 g products on Linux Itanium systems.
Describes how to install Oracle Database 10 g products and Oracle Database 10 g companion products on Linux Itanium systems. Describes how to quickly install Oracle Database 10 g products and Oracle Database 10 g companion products on Linux Itanium systems. Provides platform-specific preinstallation, installation, postinstallation, and component information for your single instance Oracle Database 10 g database and client software on the Windows x64 platform.
Explains how to install and configure the products available on Oracle Database Companion media for the Windows x64 platform. Describes how to quickly install Oracle Database 10 g products and Oracle Database 10 g companion products on the Windows x64 systems.
Describes how to install Oracle Database 10 g products on Solaris bit systems. Describes how to quickly install Oracle Database 10 g products on Solaris bit systems.
Describes how to install Oracle Database 10 g products and Oracle Database 10 g companion products on Solaris bit systems.
Describes how to quickly install Oracle Database 10 g products and Oracle Database 10 g companion products on Solaris bit systems. Describes how to quickly install Oracle Database 10 g on Solaris x86 systems. The effective disk space in an external redundancy disk group is the sum of the disk space in all of its devices. Because ASM does not mirror data in an external redundancy disk group, Oracle recommends that you use only RAID or similar devices that provide their own data protection mechanisms as disk devices in this type of disk group.
In a normal redundancy disk group, ASM uses two-way mirroring by default, to increase performance and reliability. A normal redundancy disk group requires a minimum of two disk devices or two failure groups. The effective disk space in a normal redundancy disk group is half the sum of the disk space in all of its devices. In a high redundancy disk group, ASM uses three-way mirroring to increase performance and provide the highest level of reliability.
A high redundancy disk group requires a minimum of three disk devices or three failure groups. The effective disk space in a high redundancy disk group is one-third the sum of the disk space in all of its devices. While high redundancy disk groups do provide a high level of data protection, you must consider the higher cost of additional storage devices before deciding to use this redundancy level.
Determine the total amount of disk space that you require for the datafiles and recovery files. Use the following table to determine the minimum number of disks and the minimum disk space requirements for the installation:. You must also add additional disk space for the ASM metadata. You can use the following formula to calculate the additional disk space requirements in MB :.
For example, for a four-node RAC installation, using three disks in a high redundancy disk group, you require an additional MB of disk space:. If an existing ASM instance exists on the system, you can use an existing disk group to meet these storage requirements. If necessary, you can add disks to an existing disk group during the installation. The following section describes how to identify existing disk groups and determine the free disk space that they contain. Optionally identify failure groups for the ASM disk group devices.
If you intend to use a normal or high redundancy disk group, you can further protect your database against hardware failure by associating a set of disk devices in a custom failure group.
By default, each device comprises its own failure group. However, if two disk devices in a normal redundancy disk group are attached to the same SCSI controller, the disk group becomes unavailable if the controller fails.
The controller in this example is a single point of failure. To avoid failures of this type, you could use two SCSI controllers, each with two disks, and define a failure group for the disks attached to each controller. This configuration would enable the disk group to tolerate the failure of one SCSI controller. If you are sure that a suitable disk group does not exist on the system, install or identify appropriate disk devices to add to a new disk group.
Use the following guidelines when identifying appropriate disk devices:. All of the devices in an ASM disk group should be the same size and have the same performance characteristics. Do not specify more than one partition on a single physical disk as a disk group device. ASM expects each disk group device to be on a separate physical disk. Although you can specify a logical volume as a device in an ASM disk group, Oracle does not recommend their use.
If you want to use ASM as the storage option for either database or recovery files, and an existing ASM disk group exists, you have the following choices, depending on the installation method that you select:. If you select an installation method that runs DBCA in interactive mode, by choosing the Advanced database configuration option for example, you can decide whether you want to create a new disk group or use an existing one.
If you select an installation type that runs DBCA in non-interactive mode, you must choose an existing disk group for the new database; you cannot create a new disk group.
However, you can add disk devices to an existing disk group if it has insufficient free space for your requirements.
To determine whether an existing ASM disk group exists, or to determine whether there is sufficient disk space in a disk group, you can use Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Grid Control or Database Control.
Alternatively, you can use the following procedure:. View the contents of the oratab file to determine whether an ASM instance is configured on the system:. If an ASM instance is configured on the system, the oratab file should contain a line similar to the following:.
Enter the following command to view the existing disk groups, their redundancy level, and the amount of free disk space in each one:. From the output, identify a disk group with the appropriate redundancy level and note the free space that it contains. If necessary, install or identify the additional disk devices required to meet the storage requirements listed in the previous section.
If necessary, install the shared disks that you intend to use for the disk group and reboot the system. To make sure that the disks are available, enter the following command:. The output from this command is similar to the following:. From the list, identify the device names for the disk devices that you want to add to a disk group.
To determine whether the disk is unused, enter a command similar to the following:. This command displays information about the partitions on the disk, and identifies whether they are in use. Enter the following command to verify that the device you identified is not used in an AdvFS domain:. This command displays information about the devices included in AdvFS domains in the following format, identifying the domains and the disks associated with each domain:.
Enter the following command to verify that the device is not mounted as a UFS file system:. Enter commands similar to the following to change the owner, group, and permissions on the character raw device file for each disk that you want to add to a disk group:. In this example, the device name specifies partition c , which represents the entire disk.
To verify that the TruCluster software is running, enter the following command:. If necessary, see the TruCluster documentation for information about troubleshooting the cluster. However, if an existing Oracle Net listener process is using the same port or key value, the Installer can only configure the new listener; it cannot start it. To ensure that the new listener process starts during the installation, you must shut down any existing listeners before starting the Installer.
To determine whether an existing listener process is running and to shut it down if necessary, follow these steps:. Enter the following command to determine whether a listener process is running and to identify its name and the Oracle home directory in which it is installed:.
Enter a command similar to the following to stop the listener process:. Repeat this procedure to stop all listeners running on this system and on all other cluster nodes. You run the Installer from the oracle account. However, before you start the Installer you must configure the environment of the oracle user. To configure the environment, you must:. Set the default file mode creation mask umask to in the shell startup file. If you are not already logged in to the system where you want to install the software, log in to that system as the oracle user.
To determine the default shell for the oracle user, enter the following command:. Open the oracle user's shell startup file in any text editor:. Bourne shell sh , Bash shell bash , or Korn shell ksh :. If you are not installing the software on the local system, enter a command similar to the following to direct X applications to display on the local system:.
Use the df -k command to identify a suitable file system with sufficient free space. If necessary, enter commands similar to the following to create a temporary directory on the file system you identified, and set the appropriate permissions on the directory:.
To verify that the environment has been set correctly, enter the following commands:. Verify that the umask command displays a value of 22 , , or and the environment variables that you set in this section have the correct values. Log In to the System as root Before you install the Oracle software, you must complete several tasks as the root user.
To log in as the root user, complete one of the following procedures: Note: Unless you intend to complete a silent installation, you must install the software from an X Window System workstation, an X terminal, or a PC or other system with X server software installed. Note: If necessary, see your X server documentation for more information about completing this procedure.
Depending on the X server software that you are using, you may need to complete the tasks in a different order. Check the Network Requirements Check that you have the networking hardware and internet protocol IP addresses required for an Oracle Real Application Clusters installation. Network Hardware Requirements Each node in the cluster must meet the following requirements: Each node must have at least two network adapters; one for the public network interface and one for the private network interface the interconnect.
IP Address Requirements Before starting the installation, you must identify or obtain the following IP addresses for each node: An IP address and an associated host name registered in the domain name service DNS for each public network interface One unused virtual IP address and an associated virtual host name registered in DNS that you will configure for the primary public network interface The virtual IP address must be in the same subnet as the associated public interface.
A private IP address and optional host name for each private interface Oracle recommends that you use private network IP addresses for these interfaces, for example: For example, if each node has two public and two private interfaces, you might have the following host names and IP addresses on one of the nodes rac1 and similar host names and IP addresses on the other nodes: Host Name Type IP Address Registered In rac1.
Checking the Network Requirements To verify that each node meets the requirements, follow these steps: If necessary, install the network adapters for the public and private networks and configure them with either public or private IP addresses.
To ensure that these checks pass, verify the requirements before you start the Installer. Check for Required Patches Depending on the products that you intend to install, verify that the following patches are installed on the system.
An unprivileged user nobody You must verify that the unprivileged user nobody exists on the system. The following UNIX group and user are required for all installations: The Oracle Inventory group oinstall You must create this group the first time you install Oracle software on the system. Note: If Oracle software is already installed on the system, the existing Oracle Inventory group must be the primary group of the UNIX user that you use to install new Oracle software.
The following sections describe how to identify an existing Oracle Inventory group. Note: The following sections describe how to create local users and groups. As an alternative to creating local users and groups, you could create the appropriate users and groups in a directory service, for example, Network Information Services NIS.
For information about using directory services, contact your system administrator or see your operating system documentation. See one of the following sections for more information: Note: If necessary, contact your system administrator before using or modifying an existing user.
Create a New Oracle Software Owner User If the Oracle software owner user does not exist or if you require a new Oracle software owner user, create it as follows, using the user name oracle unless a user with that name already exists. Verifying That the UNIX User nobody Exists Before installing the software, verify that the UNIX user nobody exists on the system: To determine whether the user exists, enter the following command: id nobody If this command displays information about the nobody user, you do not have to create that user.
Create Identical Users and Groups on Other Cluster Nodes Note: You must complete the following procedures only if you are using local users and groups. If you are using users and groups defined in a directory service such as NIS, they are already identical on each cluster node.
Create the User and Groups on the Other Cluster Nodes To create the user and groups on the other cluster nodes, repeat the following procedure on each node: Log in to the next cluster node as root. You must then specify that ID for the group on all of the nodes. Note: If the user already exists, use the usermod command to modify it if necessary.
You must then specify that ID for the user on all of the nodes. Set Up User Equivalence for rsh and rcp on All Cluster Nodes Note: This section describes how to set up user equivalence for rcp , which the Installer uses when copying Oracle software to the other cluster nodes. See the SSH documentation for information about setting up user equivalence for scp.
Note: Alternatively, you can create a. Configure Kernel Subsystem Attributes Notes: The kernel subsystem attributes and shell limit values shown in the following section are recommended values only.
For production database systems, Oracle recommends that you tune these values to optimize the performance of the system. See your operating system documentation for more information about tuning kernel subsystem attributes. You must set the kernel subsystem attributes and shell limits on all cluster nodes. Otherwise, do not change the value. Note: If the current value for any kernel subsystem attribute is higher than the value listed in this table, except for the attributes whose recommended value is 0, do not change the value of that attribute.
Identify Required Software Directories You must identify or create four directories for the Oracle software, as follows: Oracle base directory Oracle Inventory directory CRS home directory Oracle home directory The following subsections describe the requirements for these directories. Oracle Base Director y The Oracle base directory acts as a top-level directory for Oracle software installations.
Note: The Oracle base directory can be on a local file system, or on a supported cluster file system. Oracle Inventory Directory The Oracle Inventory directory oraInventory stores an inventory of all software installed on the system. Note: All Oracle software installations rely on this directory. Make sure that you back it up regularly.
Oracle Home Directory The Oracle home directory is the directory where you choose to install the software for a particular Oracle product. Identify or Create an Oracle Base Directory Before starting the installation, you must either identify an existing Oracle base directory or if required, create a new one.
This section contains information about the following: Identifying an Existing Oracle Base Directory Creating a New Oracle Base Directory Note: You can choose to create a new Oracle base directory, even if other Oracle base directories exist on the system.
However, if you identify an existing Oracle Inventory directory or existing Oracle home directories, you can usually identify the Oracle base directories, as follows: Identify an existing Oracle Inventory directory Enter the following command on all cluster nodes to view the contents of the oraInst.
This path complies with the OFA guidelines. Up to 4 GB The Oracle base directory will contain both software and database files not recommended for production databases. Up to 5 GB. Creating a New Oracle Base Directory Before you create a new Oracle base directory, you must identify an appropriate file system with sufficient free disk space, as follows: Requirement Free Disk Space The Oracle base directory will contain only software files.
Note: The file system can be a local file system or a supported cluster file system.
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